This may lead to Cataracts, Glaucoma and Diabetic retinopathy. The high glucose levels cause changes to the blood vessels of the retina (the light sensitive membrane at the back of the eye). There will be changes to the blood vessel wall (micro aneurysms), bleeding, leaking of fats and proteins and ischemia (insufficient blood supply to the retina). Management includes screening for early detection, risk management, lasers and surgery in more advanced cases.